45 by: Sebastian Menendez
Student – Sebastian Menendez
ENZYME: LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE
EC number : EC 3.1.1.34
Lipoprotein Lipase (abbreviated LPL) is an extracellular enzyme found mostly in adipose tissue, skeletal, muscle and heart tissue. LPL is situated on the vascular endothelial surface, stuck to capillary walls. Its main role is to degrade circulating triglycerides in the bloodstream. LPL is very important as it decomposes triglycerides which are a type of fat (lipid) found in the blood. Triglycerides are the most common type of fat in the body and an excess of triglycerides in the bloodstream will increase the risk of heart disease, heart stroke and heart attacks by hardening the arteries or their walls, causing them to get blocked. LPL removes the fatty acids from triglycerides found in chylomicrons and VLDL (very-low-density-lipoprotein), these fatty acids pass through capillary endothelial cells and then reach skeletal muscle cells and then they are used as energy or storage in skeletal or cardiac muscle/tissue.
INTERESTING FACTS
LPL was first discovered in 1943 by Dr. Paul Hanh in dogs, it was then known as “heparin-activated clearing factor” but later it was renamed to “lipoprotein lipase” by Dr. Edward Korn in 1955. It was discovered that a deficiency of LPL can cause neonatal death in mice due to engorgement of chylomicrons into capillaries of the lungs
An LPL deficiency in the body can be present as a genetic disorder with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, it is a mutation of the LPL gene and is characterized by hyperchylomicronemia, severe HTG, and high risk of diabetes and acute pancreatitis.
REFERENCES
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Zhang, Ren, and Kezhong Zhang. “A Unified Model for Regulating Lipoprotein Lipase Activity.” Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 35, no. 6, Elsevier BV, June 2024, pp. 490–504, https://www.cell.com/trends/endocrinology-metabolism/pdf/S1043-2760(24)00045-6.pdf Accessed 16 Oct. 2024.
Yasaman Pirahanchi, et al. “Biochemistry, Lipoprotein Lipase.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 30 July 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537040/#:~:text=Lipoprotein%20lipase%20is%20an%20enzyme,chylomicrons%20traveling%20through%20the%20bloodstream. Accessed 16 Oct. 2024.
Mead, James, et al. “Lipoprotein Lipase: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Role in Disease.” Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol. 80, no. 12, Springer Science+Business Media, Dec. 2002, pp. 753–69, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00109-002-0384-9 Accessed 16 Oct. 2024.
“Lipase – Proteopedia, Life in 3D.” Proteopedia.org, 2023, https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Lipase#:~:text=Lipase%20catalyzes%20the%20breakdown%20of,in%20the%20saliva%20and%20stomach. Accessed 16 Oct. 2024.
Balasubramanian, Suryakumar, et al. “Lipoprotein Lipase Deficiency.” Nih.gov, StatPearls Publishing, 3 July 2023, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560795/ . Accessed 16 Oct. 2024
