71 by: Preena Dhesa
Student – Preena Dhesa
Enzyme Name: Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
E.C. number: 1.11.1.8
Where is the enzyme found: Thyroperoxidase is present in the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. The thyroid gland is located on the front of the neck, right below the Adam’s apple, and this is where the apical membrane meets the colloid space within the thyroid follicles.
What the enzyme does: Thyroperoxidase is an enzyme that contributes to thyroid hormone production. It helps to oxidize iodide into iodine, which is subsequently bound to tyrosine residues on the protein thyroglobulin. This results in the generation of thyroid hormones,thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are required to regulate metabolism and growth.
Interesting fact: The Thyroid hormone can control a multitude of functions, including how fast your heart beats and how effectively you burn calories. When the body has a TPO deficiency, it can disrupt these systems, causing symptoms like tiredness, weight changes, and increased temperature sensitivity.
References:
Guide to Pharmacology. (n.d.). Thyroid peroxidase: Enzyme and ion channel database. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. Retrieved October 16, 2024, from https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/ObjectDisplayForward?objectId=2526
La Perle, K. M. D., & Jhiang, S. M. (2003). Iodine: Symporter and oxidation, thyroid hormone biosynthesis. In Encyclopedia of Hormones (pp. 514–518). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0128012383-96031-8
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2019). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and its role in thyroid hormone synthesis. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920844/
National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2019). Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and its role in thyroid hormone synthesis. NCBI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6920844/
Hormonal Chemistry. (2020, March 12). Thyroid hormone synthesis and regulation – Biology animation [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=63cFTNWY8zg
La Perle, K. M. D., & Jhiang, S. M. (2003). Iodine: Symporter and oxidation, thyroid hormone biosynthesis. In Encyclopedia of Hormones (pp. 514–518). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0128012383-96031-8
Science and Health. (2022, April 25). Thyroid hormone pathway: Mechanism, synthesis, and regulation [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ekq_tdKEJps
Wikipedia contributors. (2023, October 6). Thyroid peroxidase. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyroid_peroxidase
ResearchGate. (n.d.). Thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase in thyroid hormone biosynthesis. ResearchGate. Retrieved October 16, 2024, from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Thyroglobulin-and-thyroid-peroxidase-in-thyroid-hormone-biosynthesis-The-essentiality-of_fig1_236925601
EZMed Learning. (2023, June 5). Thyroid hormone synthesis steps pathway. EZMed Learning Blog. https://www.ezmedlearning.com/blog/thyroid-hormone-synthesis-steps-pathway
