10 by: Naidja Lopez
Student – Naidja Lopez
Name of Enzyme: ATPase
E.C. number: 3.6.1.3 3.
Where is enzyme found? Reversible ATPase can either synthesize ATP using a proton gradient or create a proton gradient by breaking down ATP. They are present in bacteria, chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in eukaryotes. Additionally, these enzymes are found in the Golgi apparatus, endosomes, lysosomes, and vacuoles.
What does the enzyme do? ATPases are a class of enzymes responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of a phosphate bond in adenosine triphosphate (ATP), producing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and releasing energy. This energy is crucial for powering a wide range of cellular activities, including muscle contractions, active transport of ions and molecules across membranes, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. There are different types of ATPases, such as sodium-potassium ATPase, which maintains ion gradients across the plasma membrane, and F-type ATPases are involved in processes like vesicle trafficking, protein folding, and intracellular signaling. Their ability to efficiently harness and transfer energy is essential for maintaining cellular function and energy balance.
Any other interesting facts or important information on your enzyme – There are several types of ATPases, each serving distinct functions and mechanism-type ATPases are responsible for pumping ion across membranes, while F-type ATPases, such as ATP synthase, are involved in ATP synthesis. V-type ATPases primarily transport protons. Abnormalities in ATPase function is linked to various diseases, including hypertension, which is often associated with malfunction Na+/K+ ATPase; cancer, where changes in proton ATPases are implicated; and neurodegenerative disorders, where ATPases may contribute to cellular energy deficits. Additionally, some ATPases contain an inhibitor protein and a mitochondria oligomycin-sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP factor).
References
Bionity. (n.d.). ATPase. Retrieved September 21, 2024, from https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/ATPase.html
Dörner, B. K., & Betz, S. (2022). The role of ATPase in cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 22(12), 850-867. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41417-022-00477y. Retrieved September 21,2024.
Hussain Biology. (2021). ATP synthase: A brief overview [Video]. YouTube. Retrieved September 28, 2024, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGihXEdYJMM&t=151s
Hummer, G. (2016). Mechanisms of ATPase function. Journal of Molecular Biology, 428(18), 3485-3501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2016.10.023. Retrieved September 23, 2024.
Patel, H. R., & McKinley, R. (2016). Mechanism of ATPase. News-Medical.net. Retrieved October 1, 2024, from https://www.news-medical.net/life-sciences/Mechanism-of-ATPase.aspx#:~:text=Reversible%20ATPases%20that%20can%20use,)%20and%20eukaryotes%20(mitochondria).&text=Located%20in%20Golgi%20apparatus%2C%20endosomes%2C%20lysosomes%20and%20vacuoles
RCSB Protein Data Bank. (n.d.). ATP synthase. Retrieved October 2, 2024, from https://pdb101.rcsb.org/motm/72#:~:text=ATP%20synthase%20is%20one%20of,that%20powers%20our%20cellular%20processes
ScienceDirect Topics. (n.d.). ATP synthase – an overview. Retrieved September 21, 2024, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/atp-synthase
Szewczak, J. M., & Raines, R. T. (2016). Structure and function of ATP synthase. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, 17(2), 81-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5112157/ Retrieved October 6, 2024.
