65 by: Apekshya Gurung
Student – Apekshya Gurung
Name of enzyme – Sucrase
E.C number – 200-334-9
Where is enzyme found? Sucrase is found in any yeast and in the internal mucosa of that animals that catalyze the hydrolysis of cane sugar, or sucrose to the simple sugars, fructose and glucose. It is found in the microvilli of the small intestine.
What does the enzyme do? Sucrase plays key role in the carbohydrate digestion in our body and helps to supply energy. Sucrase localizes in the brush border that coats the intestinal villi, helps in to break the disaccharide sucrose to monosaccharide glucose and fructose. It is a part of sucrase-isomaltose alpha glucosidase at the C-terminus of this glucosidase, SUC is the major α-1,2-glucosidase of the intestinal lumen. Glucose and fructose, which are simple sugars, are easily taken into the bloodstream when sucrase breaks down sucrose. While fructose is mostly processed in the liver, where it is either transformed into glucose or stored as glycogen for later use, glucose gives cells an instant source of energy. For people to effectively metabolize meals containing sucrose, such as fruits, processed sugars, and sweets, sucrase activity is essential. People with Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency (CSID), an inherited condition, do not have enough sucrase, which prevents them from effectively digesting sucrose. As a result, undigested sucrose enters the colon and is fermented by bacteria, resulting in symptoms including diarrhea, bloating, and
stomach pain. Dietary changes to reduce sugar intake and, occasionally, enzyme replacement therapy are used in the management of CSID. A lack of sucrase can result in a variety of digestive complaints, but for most people, sucrase helps with general metabolic processes by ensuring that sucrose is efficiently broken down into forms of energy (Treem W.R ,1995).
Any other interesting facts or important information – Some people suffer from Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltose Deficiency, a genetic condition where the body produces insufficient sucrase or the sucrase is not functioned properly. This leads to an inability to properly digest the sucrose, causing the symptoms of bloating diarrhea, and abdominal pain. SI deficiencies can occur primarily as a consequence of mutations in the coding region of the SI gene, referred to as congenital sucrase-isomaltose deficiency (CSID) (Gericke B, Schecker N, Amiri M, Naim HY, 2017). Another interesting fact is that Characterization of the function of a single active site in either SUC or IM requires specific inactivation of the other subunit (Gericke B, Schecker N, Amiri M, Naim HY, 2017).
References
Gericke B, Schecker N, Amiri M, Naim HY. Structure-function analysis of human sucrase-isomaltase identifies key residues required for catalytic activity. J Biol Chem. 2017 Jun 30;292(26):11070-11078. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M117.791939. Epub 2017 May 18. PMID: 28522605; PMCID: PMC5491789.
Senftleber NK, Ramne S, Moltke I, Jørgensen ME, Albrechtsen A, Hansen T, Andersen MK. Genetic Loss of Sucrase-Isomaltase Function: Mechanisms, Implications, and Future Perspectives. Appl Clin Genet. 2023 Mar 23;16:31-39. doi: 10.2147/TACG.S401712. PMID: 36994449; PMCID: PMC10041990.
Treem, W. R. (1995). Congenital Sucrase-Isomaltase Deficiency. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 21(1), 1-14.
