19 by: Maria Horbatyy
Student: Mariya Horbatyy
Enzyme Name – Carbonic Anhydrase
Enzyme E.C. number – 4.2.1.1
Where is the enzyme found? Widespread and found in archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes. Appears in viruses and cellular organisms. They are also found in red blood cells where interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid happen.
What does the enzyme do? Carbonic anhydrase are metalloenzymes, they have a Zn2+ metal present in the centre which is responsible for transforming water into a better nucleophile. These enzymes catalyze the reversible hydration of dissolved CO2 to carbonic acid, which dissociates to give hydrogencarbonate above neutral pH. This mechanism happens when H2O gets attracted to the 2+ charge on the Zn metal and results in a formation of a bond followed by dissociation of one of the Hs in the H2O molecule. With the negative charge present
on the oxygen, CO2 is able to enter the active site and bind to the enzyme. Afterwards, a carbonic acid is formed which then leaves the enzyme and the enzyme gets reformed back into its active state.
Interesting facts or important information on the enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase has three structure – alpha, beta, gamma – which all have specific reactions to carry out.
References
Amy Parente. (2022, November 14). How do Enzymes Work (Carbonic Anhydrase) [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NfB8eH7vS2I&ab_channel=AmyParente
Andrey K. (2015, March 20). Carbonic Anhydrase [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5nLcHtuBvM&t=243s&ab_channel=AndreyK
Iraninasab, S., Sharifian, S., Homaei, A., Homaee, M. B., Sharma, T., Nadda, A. K., Kennedy, J. F., Bilal, M., & Iqbal, H. M. N. (2022). Emerging trends in environmental and industrial
applications of marine carbonic anhydrase: a review. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 45, 431-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-021-02667-8
Information on EC 4.2.1.1 – carbonic anhydrase. BRENDA. https://www.brendaenzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=4.2.1.1
Professor Givon’s Lectures. (2018, March 22). Carbonic Anhydrase [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqojRm4moA0&ab_channel=ProfessorGivon%27sLectures
Robert Selig. (2023, October 16). Carbonic Anhydrase: The #1 Zinc-Dependent Metalloenzyme |Dr. Robert Selig D.C. [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHJQljHxFwg&ab_channel=RobertSelig
